TAIPEI — A recent rollover collision in Thunder Bay, Ontario, where an impaired driver was released on an undertaking while facing immediate driver’s license suspension, highlights the stark differences in how Canada and Taiwan tackle driving under the influence (DUI). While Taiwan frequently stiffens penalties on paper, key structural gaps in its administrative enforcement, criminal law mechanisms, and privacy practices continue to limit the effectiveness of its deterrent measures.
台北訊 — 加拿大安大略省桑德貝（Thunder Bay）日前發生一起車禍翻覆事故，肇事司機因酒駕面臨多項指控，並在簽署承諾書後獲釋，同時須接受即刻行政吊扣駕照。這起事件凸顯了加拿大與台灣在處置酒後駕駛（DUI）機制上的顯著差異。儘管台灣近年屢屢修法提高罰則，但若從行政執法、刑事機制與資訊公開等維度審視，台灣的防治體系仍存在若干關鍵缺失。
1. Immediate Administrative Sanctions vs. Judicial Lag
缺失一：缺乏「即時行政處分」，執法空窗期過長
• Canada: Under provincial laws such as Ontario’s Administrative Driver’s Licence Suspension (ADLS) program, roadside officers can immediately suspend a suspect’s driver’s licence (e.g., for 90 days) and impound the vehicle on the spot before any courtroom conviction.
加拿大做法： 依據安大略省等地方交通法規（如 ADLS 機制），警方在路檢發現酒駕超標時，無須等待法院判決，即可在現場直接實施「行政性即時吊扣駕照」（例如 90 天）並當場扣押車輛。
• Taiwan’s Gap: While local traffic regulations allow impounding and licence suspension, administrative processing often takes time, and criminal driving prohibitions only take effect after final judicial sentencing. This creates a critical window where offender high-risk drivers remain legally permitted to operate vehicles prior to court decisions.
台灣缺失： 雖然《道路交通管理處罰條例》設有移置保管車輛與吊扣駕照規定，但行政程序與刑事判決間存在時間差。高風險駕駛人在案件移送地檢署至法院判決確定前，往往仍能在技術或法律層面上繼續上路，形成防禦漏洞。
2. Refusal to Comply with Breathalyzer Tests
缺失二：拒測處罰未完全刑罰化，防線易遭突破
• Canada: Refusing to provide a breath or bodily fluid sample upon lawful demand is an explicit offense under the Criminal Code of Canada. It carries the exact same criminal penalties, court fines, and record consequences as a high-BAC conviction.
加拿大做法： 依據加拿大《刑事法典》，無正當理由拒絕接受警方合法要求的酒測或採樣，本身即構成獨立的刑事罪名，其刑事刑罰、罰金與犯罪紀錄後果完全等同於高濃度酒駕罪。
• Taiwan’s Gap: In Taiwan, refusing a breathalyzer test is primarily treated as an administrative violation (heavy fines, licence revocation, vehicle impoundment). While police can request warrant-based blood tests under prosecutorial approval, the lack of direct criminalization for test refusal allows non-compliant individuals to avoid a formal criminal conviction for DUI.
台灣缺失： 台灣目前將拒測主要歸類為「行政罰」（處以鉅額罰鍰、吊銷駕照與扣車），警方雖可陳報檢察官申請強制抽血，但拒測行為本身並未直接納入《刑法》處罰範疇，使部分違规者得以藉由拒測規避刑事前科。
3. Over-Reliance on Mandatory Custody vs. Conditional Release
缺失三：保釋機制過度依賴檢察機關，基層警察缺乏即時強制處置彈性
• Canada: For first-time or non-injury offenses, senior police officers can release suspects directly from the station using an Undertaking. This legally binding document imposes enforceable conditions—such as mandatory alcohol abstinence, driving bans, and regular check-ins—without tying up judicial resources.
加拿大做法： 對於未造成重大傷亡的初犯案件，高階警官可在警局直接發布 Undertaking（具結承諾書） 將被告釋放。該承諾書具有法律效力，可直接附加「禁止駕駛、禁止飲酒、定期報到」等強制條件，兼顧社會安全與司法資源效率。
• Taiwan’s Gap: All arrested criminal suspects must be formally transferred to the District Prosecutors Office within 24 hours. Prosecutors then decide whether to order bail, release without bail, or seek court detention. Police officers lack the administrative authority to issue conditional release undertakings independently, creating unnecessary procedural delay for minor cases.
台灣缺失： 台灣實務上，逮捕後須於 24 小時之內全案移送地檢署，由檢察官決定交保或限制住居。警察無權直接施加附條件的行政處置，導致案件處理鏈條拉長，無法在第一時間由執法前端施加具體的行為約束。
4. Privacy Protections and Public Accountability
缺失四：過度強調個資保護，欠缺公眾監督與警示效應
• Canada: Once formal criminal charges are laid (Laying of Information), law enforcement agencies generally publish the full legal name and age of the accused, unless protected by youth justice laws. Publicizing offender details serves as a transparent community notice and a strong deterrent.
加拿大做法： 當警方正式完成刑事起訴程序後，通常會依法公開被告的全名與年齡（少年犯或特殊受害者保護案件除外）。資訊透明化不僅能達成警示社會效果，也讓社區能對高風險個案進行監督。
• Taiwan’s Gap: Governed strictly by the Personal Data Protection Act and directives on non-disclosure of investigations, Taiwan police and media obscure suspect identities (e.g., “Mr. Lin”). The lack of public accountability reduces the social cost of committing DUI offenses.
台灣缺失： 受到《個人資料保護法》及《偵查不公開作業辦法》的嚴格限制，警方與新聞報導對肇事者姓名高度隱匿（如「林姓男司機」）。由於無法形成有效的社會名譽約束，酒駕行為的潛在違法成本被大幅降低。
Conclusion
結語
Taiwan’s ongoing efforts to curb drunk driving have yielded notable progress through legal reforms, yet the focus has remained largely on raising theoretical sentencing limits. Incorporating elements from Canada’s enforcement model—such as immediate administrative licence suspensions, the criminalization of breathalyzer refusals, and greater public accountability—could provide Taiwan with a more effective framework to combat impaired driving.
台灣近年對酒駕的治理雖有成效，但防制思維多集中於「提高刑罰上限」。若能借鏡加拿大等國的執法經驗，補齊「即時行政吊扣」、「拒測刑罰化」以及「個案公開警示」等機制缺口，方能建構出更具實質威懾力與防護力的安全體系。
加拿大新聞出處
https://www.tbnewswatch.com/local-news/collision-leads-to-charges-of-impaired-and-dangerous-driving-12777251
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